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Ethylene oxide is commonly used for sterilization, disinfection, and drug synthesis. It can effectively kill various microorganisms, including bacteria, spores, viruses, etc. It can also be used in the production process of certain drugs as an important organic synthetic raw material. The following are its main application scenarios in the pharmaceutical industry：
Medical ethylene oxide is one of the most commonly used low-temperature sterilizers in the pharmaceutical industry, especially suitable for medical devices and materials that are not resistant to high temperature, high pressure, or humidity. For example:
Disposable medical equipment: syringes, infusion sets, catheters, surgical gloves, etc.
Precision instruments: endoscopes, pacemakers, dialyzers, etc.
Plastic and rubber products: respiratory masks, artificial joints, implants, etc.
Packaging materials: pharmaceutical packaging bags, sterile containers, etc.
Sterilization principle:
The disinfection mechanism of ethylene oxide is based on the epoxy group (- C2H4O) in the ethylene oxide molecule, which can react with various biomolecules inside the cell to inhibit or kill microorganisms.
Advantage:
Wide range: effective against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and spores.
Low temperature operation: suitable for materials that are not resistant to high temperatures.
Strong penetrability: capable of penetrating complex instruments and packaging materials.
Ethylene oxide is an important intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs, used in the production of antibiotics, anticancer drugs, analgesics, and more.
Antibiotic production:
Penicillin and cephalosporin: Ethylene oxide is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of β - lactam antibiotics.
Reaction example: Ethylene oxide reacts with amine compounds to produce ethanolamine, which is further used for antibiotic synthesis.
Anti cancer drug production:
Cyclophosphamide: a commonly used anti-cancer drug that uses ethylene oxide as a key intermediate in its synthesis process.
Reaction example: Ethylene oxide reacts with nitrogen mustard compounds to produce cyclophosphamide.
Production of analgesics:
Acetaminophen (paracetamol): Ethylene oxide is used to synthesize its precursor compounds.
Reaction example: Ethylene oxide reacts with phenol to form an intermediate, which further synthesizes acetaminophen.
Other drug production:
Antiviral drugs: such as the synthesis of acyclovir.
Hormonal drugs: such as the synthesis of certain steroid hormones.
Medical ethylene oxide can be used for sterilization of certain biological products to ensure their sterility and safety. For example:
Vaccines: Some vaccines are produced using medical grade ethylene oxide sterilization.
Blood products: Sterilization of packaging materials for plasma and serum.
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